Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a vital role in monitoring and analyzing environmental changes over a particular region or the globe. Moreover, the advent of the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Machine Learning algorithms has revolutionized and enhanced the efficiency of detecting these changes at the terrestrial level. In this study impact of small dams construction in the Kohistan region of Sindh is evaluated. Small dams are usually constructed to manage rainwater, minimize flooding, and conserve fresh water for drinking and other purposes. The study was conducted to assess the land changes before and after the construction of small dams in the study area 2010 for pre dams’ construction and 2022 post period dams construction. The satellite data the Landsat 4-5 TM and Landsat 8 delineated four land classes—water, vegetation, built-up areas, and barren, using maximum likelihood classification. The changes in these classes were considered the impacts of the small dams. Before and after dam construction, differences in land cover classes were observed and studied. The results show that there was no water with little vegetation and rocky soils before the dam construction. However, after the construction of dams, the water has increased to some extent (213.706%), with enhanced vegetation decreasing the soil cover. Therefore, the impact of small dams in the region can be demonstrated through land cover changes. These changes will play an essential role in environmental changes in the region.
