189 - Exploring Cost-effective Real-time Control Coverage to Leverage Resilience in Smart Stormwater Systems

Advancements in sensing and control technologies have ushered in a new era of real-time control (RTC) applications in stormwater management. This has facilitated the retrofitting and autonomous optimization of existing urban drainage systems (UDSs) to address contemporary challenges. This study delves into the cost-effectiveness of RTC in bolstering flood resilience amidst evolving climate patterns and land cover dynamics. Through the formulation of predictive RTC strategies spanning incremental control coverages (0%, 33%, 67%, and 100%), incorporating projected rainfall scenarios into control horizons, we unveil that achieving maximum cost-effectiveness benefits in stormwater systems does not necessarily require controlling all flooded sites. The most cost-effective RTC implementation with 67% control coverage enhances the flooding resilience by up to 37%, while the least performed 33% control coverage fails to restore the system resilience to the historical state under impacts of climate change and land cover change. With a one million USD investment, resilience can be improved by up to 3.2% over a 30-year life cycle. These findings strongly support the implementation of adaptive approaches to establish a new generation of resilient and intelligent stormwater systems capable of adapting to uncertain rainfall and land cover conditions.